Soybean cultivar 916119313211

ABSTRACT

A novel soybean cultivar, designated 916119313211, is disclosed. The invention relates to the seeds of soybean cultivar 916119313211, to the plants of soybean 916119313211 and to methods for producing a soybean plant produced by crossing the cultivar 916119313211 with itself or another soybean variety. The invention further relates to hybrid soybean seeds and plants produced by crossing the cultivar 916119313211 with another soybean cultivar.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a new and distinctive soybean cultivar,designated 916119313211. There are numerous steps in the development ofany novel, desirable plant germplasm. Plant breeding begins with theanalysis and definition of problems and weaknesses of the currentgermplasm, the establishment of program goals, and the definition ofspecific breeding objectives. The next step is selection of germplasmthat possess the traits to meet the program goals. The goal is tocombine in a single variety an improved combination of desirable traitsfrom the parental germplasm. These important traits may include higherseed yield, resistance to diseases and insects, better stems and roots,tolerance to drought and heat, and better agronomic quality.

Choice of breeding or selection methods depends on the mode of plantreproduction, the heritability of the trait(s) being improved, and thetype of cultivar used commercially (e.g., F₁ hybrid cultivar, purelinecultivar, etc.). For highly heritable traits, a choice of superiorindividual plants evaluated at a single location will be effective,whereas for traits with low heritability, selection should be based onmean values obtained from replicated evaluations of families of relatedplants. Popular selection methods commonly include pedigree selection,modified pedigree selection, mass selection, and recurrent selection.

The complexity of inheritance influences choice of the breeding method.Backcross breeding is used to transfer one or a few favorable genes fora highly heritable trait into a desirable cultivar. This approach hasbeen used extensively for breeding disease-resistant cultivars. Variousrecurrent selection techniques are used to improve quantitativelyinherited traits controlled by numerous genes. The use of recurrentselection in self-pollinating crops depends on the ease of pollination,the frequency of successful hybrids from each pollination, and thenumber of hybrid offspring from each successful cross.

Each breeding program should include a periodic, objective evaluation ofthe efficiency of the breeding procedure. Evaluation criteria varydepending on the goal and objectives, but should include gain fromselection per year based on comparisons to an appropriate standard,overall value of the advanced breeding lines, and number of successfulcultivars produced per unit of input (e.g., per year, per dollarexpended, etc.).

Promising advanced breeding lines are thoroughly tested and compared toappropriate standards in environments representative of the commercialtarget area(s) for three or more years. The best lines are candidatesfor new commercial cultivars; those still deficient in a few traits maybe used as parents to produce new populations for further selection.

These processes, which lead to the final step of marketing anddistribution, usually take from eight to 12 years from the time thefirst cross is made. Therefore, development of new cultivars is atime-consuming process that requires precise forward planning, efficientuse of resources, and a minimum of changes in direction.

A most difficult task is the identification of individuals that aregenetically superior, because for most traits the true genotypic valueis masked by other confounding plant traits or environmental factors.One method of identifying a superior plant is to observe its performancerelative to other experimental plants and to a widely grown standardcultivar. If a single observation is inconclusive, replicatedobservations provide a better estimate of its genetic worth.

The goal of plant breeding is to develop new, unique and superiorsoybean cultivars and hybrids. The breeder initially selects and crossestwo or more parental lines, followed by repeated selfing and selection,producing many new genetic combinations. The breeder can theoreticallygenerate billions of different genetic combinations via crossing,selfing and mutations. The breeder has no direct control at the cellularlevel. Therefore, two breeders will never develop the same line, or evenvery similar lines, having the same soybean traits.

Each year, the plant breeder selects the germplasm to advance to thenext generation. This germplasm is grown under unique and differentgeographical, climatic and soil conditions, and further selections arethen made, during and at the end of the growing season. The cultivarswhich are developed are unpredictable. This unpredictability is becausethe breeder's selection occurs in unique environments, with no controlat the DNA level (using conventional breeding procedures), and withmillions of different possible genetic combinations being generated. Abreeder of ordinary skill in the art cannot predict the final resultinglines he develops, except possibly in a very gross and general fashion.The same breeder cannot produce the same cultivar twice by using theexact same original parents and the same selection techniques. Thisunpredictability results in the expenditure of large amounts of researchmonies to develop superior new soybean cultivars.

The development of new soybean cultivars requires the development andselection of soybean varieties, the crossing of these varieties andselection of superior hybrid crosses. The hybrid seed is produced bymanual crosses between selected male-fertile parents or by using malesterility systems. These hybrids are selected for certain single genetraits such as pod color, flower color, pubescence color or herbicideresistance which indicate that the seed is truly a hybrid. Additionaldata on parental lines, as well as the phenotype of the hybrid,influence the breeder's decision whether to continue with the specifichybrid cross.

Pedigree breeding and recurrent selection breeding methods are used todevelop cultivars from breeding populations. Breeding programs combinedesirable traits from two or more cultivars or various broad-basedsources into breeding pools from which cultivars are developed byselfing and selection of desired phenotypes. The new cultivars areevaluated to determine which have commercial potential.

Pedigree breeding is used commonly for the improvement ofself-pollinating crops. Two parents which possess favorable,complementary traits are crossed to produce an F₁. An F₂ population isproduced by selfing one or several F₁ 's. Selection of the bestindividuals may begin in the F₂ population; then, beginning in the F₃,the best individuals in the best families are selected. Replicatedtesting of families can begin in the F₄ generation to improve theeffectiveness of selection for traits with low heritability. At anadvanced stage of inbreeding (i.e., F₆ and F₇ ), the best lines ormixtures of phenotypically similar lines are tested for potentialrelease as new cultivars.

Mass and recurrent selections can be used to improve populations ofeither self- or cross-pollinating crops. A genetically variablepopulation of heterozygous individuals is either identified or createdby intercrossing several different parents. The best plants are selectedbased on individual superiority, outstanding progeny, or excellentcombining ability. The selected plants are intercrossed to produce a newpopulation in which further cycles of selection are continued.

Backcross breeding has been used to transfer genes for a simplyinherited, highly heritable trait into a desirable homozygous cultivaror inbred line which is the recurrent parent. The source of the trait tobe transferred is called the donor parent. The resulting plant isexpected to have the attributes of the recurrent parent (e.g., cultivar)and the desirable trait transferred from the donor parent. After theinitial cross, individuals possessing the phenotype of the donor parentare selected and repeatedly crossed (backcrossed) to the recurrentparent. The resulting plant is expected to have the attributes of therecurrent parent (e.g., cultivar) and the desirable trait transferredfrom the donor parent.

The single-seed descent procedure in the strict sense refers to plantinga segregating population, harvesting a sample of one seed per plant, andusing the one-seed sample to plant the next generation. When thepopulation has been advanced from the F₂ to the desired level ofinbreeding, the plants from which lines are derived will each trace todifferent F₂ individuals. The number of plants in a population declineseach generation due to failure of some seeds to germinate or some plantsto produce at least one seed. As a result, not all of the F₂ plantsoriginally sampled in the population will be represented by a progenywhen generation advance is completed.

In a multiple-seed procedure, soybean breeders commonly harvest one ormore pods from each plant in a population and thresh them together toform a bulk. Part of the bulk is used to plant the next generation andpart is put in reserve. The procedure has been referred to as modifiedsingle-seed descent or the pod-bulk technique.

The multiple-seed procedure has been used to save labor at harvest. Itis considerably faster to thresh pods with a machine than to remove oneseed from each by hand for the single-seed procedure. The multiple-seedprocedure also makes it possible to plant the same number of seeds of apopulation each generation of inbreeding. Enough seeds are harvested tomake up for those plants that did not germinate or produce seed.

Descriptions of other breeding methods that are commonly used fordifferent traits and crops can be found in one of several referencebooks (e.g., Allard, 1960; Simmonds, 1979; Sneep et al., 1979; Fehr,1987).

Proper testing should detect any major faults and establish the level ofsuperiority or improvement over current cultivars. In addition toshowing superior performance, there must be a demand for a new cultivarthat is compatible with industry standards or which creates a newmarket. The introduction of a new cultivar will incur additional coststo the seed producer, the grower, processor and consumer; for specialadvertising and marketing, altered seed and commercial productionpractices, and new product utilization. The testing preceding release ofa new cultivar should take into consideration research and developmentcosts as well as technical superiority of the final cultivar. Forseed-propagated cultivars, it must be feasible to produce seed easilyand economically.

Soybean, Glycine max (L), is an important and valuable field crop. Thus,a continuing goal of plant breeders is to develop stable, high yieldingsoybean cultivars that are agronomically sound. The reasons for thisgoal are obviously to maximize the amount of grain produced on the landused and to supply food for both animals and humans. To accomplish thisgoal, the soybean breeder must select and develop soybean plants thathave the traits that result in superior cultivars.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

According to the invention, there is provided a novel soybean cultivar,designated 916119313211. This invention thus relates to the seeds ofsoybean cultivar 916119313211, to the plants of soybean 916119313211 andto methods for producing a soybean plant produced by crossing thesoybean 916119313211 with itself or another soybean line.

DEFINITIONS

In the description and tables which follow, a number of terms are used.In order to provide a clear and consistent understanding of thespecification and claims, including the scope to be given such terms,the following definitions are provided:

Maturity Date. Plants are considered mature when 95% of the pods havereached their mature color. The number of days are either calculatedfrom September 1 or from the planting date.

Seed Yield (Bushels/Acre). The yield in bushels/acre is the actual yieldof the grain at harvest.

Lodging Resistance. Lodging is rated on a scale of 1 to 5. A score of 1indicates erect plants. A score of 2.5 indicates plants are leaning at a450 angle in relation to the ground and a score of 5 indicates plantsare laying on the ground.

Phytophthora Tolerance. Tolerance to Phytophthora root rot is rated on ascale of 1 to 5, with a score of 1 being the best or highest toleranceranging down to a score of 5 which indicates the plants have notolerance to Phytophthora.

Emergence. This score indicates the ability of the seed to emerge whenplanted 3" deep in sand and with a controlled temperature of 25° C. Thenumber of plants that emerge each day are counted. Based on this data,each genotype is given a 1 to 5 score based on its rate of emergence andpercent of emergence. A score of 1 indicates an excellent rate andpercent of emergence, an intermediate score of 2.5 indicates averageratings and a 5 score indicates a very poor rate and percent ofemergence.

Iron-Deficiency Chlorosis. Plants are scored 1 to 5 based on visualobservations. A score of 1 means no stunting of the plants or yellowingof the leaves and a score of 5 indicates the plants are dead or dyingcaused by iron-deficiency chlorosis, a score of 2.5 means plants haveintermediate health with some leaf yellowing.

Brown Stem Rot. This is a visual disease score from 1 to 5 comparing allgenotypes in a given test. The score is based on leaf symptoms ofyellowing and necrosis caused by brown stem rot. A score of 1 indicatesno symptoms. Visual scores range to a score of 5 which indicates severesymptoms of leaf yellowing and necrosis.

Shattering. The amount of pod dehiscence prior to harvest. Poddehiscence involves seeds falling from the pods to the soil. This is avisual score from 1 to 5 comparing all genotypes within a given test. Ascore of 1 means pods have not opened and no seeds have fallen out. Ascore of 2.5 indicates approximately 50% of the pods have opened, withseeds falling to the ground and a score of 5 indicates 100% of the podsare opened.

Plant Height. Plant height is taken from the top of soil to top node ofthe plant and is measured in inches.

Seed Protein Peroxidase Activity. Seed protein peroxidase activity isdefined as a chemical taxonomic technique to separate cultivars based onthe presence or absence of the peroxidase enzyme in the seed coat. Thereare two types of soybean cultivars, those having high peroxidaseactivity (dark red color) and those having low peroxidase activity (nocolor).

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Soybean cultivar 916119313211 has superior characteristics and wasdeveloped from the cross A5885 x XR5101. F₁ and F₂ plants were advancedby a modified pedigree selection. F₃ derived F₄ lines were selected in1993. In 1994 F₃ derived F₅ plants of 916119313211 were entered in ayield test at 4 locations in the lower Midwest where it placed second of50 entries. In 1995 F₃ derived F₆ plants of 916119313211 were entered ina yield test at 8 locations in the lower Midwest where it placed seventhof 50 entries. In 1996 F₃ derived F₆ plants of 916119313211 were enteredin a yield test at 9 locations in the lower Midwest, where it placedfourth of 26 entries.

916119313211 is a mid maturity group V variety with very high yieldpotential and resistance to STS herbicides. 916119313211 has superioryields compared to lines of similar maturity and has excellent agronomiccharacteristics, including excellent lodging resistance. 916119313211 iswell adapted to the mid maturity Group V growing areas of the southerncorn belt, including: Missouri, Mississippi, Kentucky, North Carolina,South Carolina, Tennessee and Arkansas.

Some of the criteria used to select in various generations include: seedyield, lodging resistance, emergence, disease tolerance, maturity, lateseason plant intactness, plant height and shattering resistance.

The cultivar has shown uniformity and stability for the traits, asdescribed in the following variety description information. It has beenself-pollinated a sufficient number of generations with carefulattention to uniformity of plant type. The line has been increased withcontinued observation for uniformity.

Soybean cultivar 916119313211 has the following morphologic and othercharacteristics (based primarily on data collected at Marion, Ark.).

VARIETY DESCRIPTION INFORMATION

1. Seed Shape: Spherical Flattened (L/W ratio>1.2; L/T ratio=<1.2)

2. Hilum Color: (Mature Seed)-Imperfect Black

3. Flower Color: Purple

4. Leaflet Shape: Ovate

5. Plant Pubescence Color: Gray

6. Plant Habit: Determinate

7. Maturity Group: V

8. Disease Resistance:

Soybean Cyst Nematode:

Race 3 Resistant

9. Physiological Responses:

STS™ Herbicide: Resistant

10. Plant Lodging Score: 2.2

This invention is also directed to methods for producing a soybean plantby crossing a first parent soybean plant with a second parent soybeanplant, wherein the first or second soybean plant is the soybean plantfrom the line 916119313211. Further, both first and second parentsoybean plants may be from the cultivar 916119313211. Therefore, anymethods using the cultivar 916119313211 are part of this invention:selfing, backcrosses, hybrid breeding, and crosses to populations. Anyplants produced using cultivar 916119313211 as a parent are within thescope of this invention. As used herein, the term "plant" includes plantcells, plant protoplasts, plant cells of tissue culture from whichsoybean plants can be regenerated, plant calli, plant clumps, and plantcells that are intact in plants or parts of plants, such as pollen,flowers, seeds, pods, leaves, stems, and the like. Thus, another aspectof this invention is to provide for cells which upon growth anddifferentiation produce the cultivar 916119313211.

The cultivar 916119313211 is similar to A4604. While similar to A4604,there are numerous differences including: 916119313211 has a graypubescence color and A4604 is tawny.

TABLES

In Tables 1, 2 and 3 that follow, the traits and characteristics ofsoybean cultivar 916119313211 are compared to several competingvarieties of commercial soybeans of similar maturity. In the tables,column 1 shows the yield in bushels/acre for the instant invention andthe Competitor Variety. Column 2 indicates the days to maturity afterSeptember 1 for the instant invention and the Competitor Variety. Column3 shows the plant height in inches for the instant invention and theCompetitor Variety. Column 4 indicates the plant lodging for the instantinvention and the Competitor Variety. Column 5 shows the generalappearance rating scores for the instant invention and the CompetitorVariety. Lodging and General Appearance Rating scores are rated 1=Bestand 5=Worst.

                  TABLE 1                                                         ______________________________________                                        1997 AGRONOMIC DATA                                                                      BU/A  MAT     HGT     LDG   GR                                     ______________________________________                                        Overall Mean 50.74   42.00   34.80 2.20  2.60                                 Number of Locations                                                                         8       6       6    5     7                                    916119313211 56.28   41.20   36.20 2.20  2.30                                 Asgrow A5545 55.45   40.80   33.80 1.70  1.90                                 Asgrow A5547 54.37   42.70   34.70 2.10  2.60                                 FFR 514N     54.07   37.80   36.70 1.90  2.40                                 HT 551STS    53.27   41.20   33.50 1.90  2.00                                 FS HS5199    52.79   38.00   32.10 1.60  2.30                                 Public Manokin                                                                             52.57   39.20   32.50 2.80  3.20                                 Public Hutcheson                                                                           52.55   41.30   31.80 1.90  2.50                                 Asgrow AG5602                                                                              51.19   43.40   35.20 2.30  2.40                                 FS BR 65107  48.83   37.90   33.30 1.90  2.50                                 Hartz 5050   48.12   45.40   42.80 2.90  3.10                                 Hartz 5454   46.47   44.00   32.90 1.80  2.60                                 Hartz 5545RR 43.44   44.70   36.20 2.80  3.20                                 Hartz 5247RR 38.57   44.80   35.20 2.70  3.10                                 ______________________________________                                    

                  TABLE 2                                                         ______________________________________                                        1996 AGRONOMIC DATA                                                                      BU/A  MAT     HGT     LDG   GR                                     ______________________________________                                        Overall Mean 58.50   37.60   35.90 2.70  2.80                                 Number of Locations                                                                         9       7       8    7     7                                    916119313211 62.00   37.70   36.30 3.00  3.00                                 Asgrow A5547 66.20   38.80   34.80 3.30  3.00                                 FS BPR 5307P 61.30   38.10   32.80 2.50  2.50                                 FS HS5199    59.50   35.10   33.40 2.10  2.30                                 Asgrow A5545 59.10   36.80   33.30 2.10  2.00                                 Asgrow AG5601                                                                              58.50   40.70   35.00 3.20  3.20                                 Public Manokin                                                                             58.50   35.80   33.30 3.50  3.50                                 Hartz 4994   55.50   36.10   33.00 3.20  3.20                                 Hartz H5545  50.70   39.50   35.00 3.80  4.20                                 ______________________________________                                    

                  TABLE 3                                                         ______________________________________                                        1995 AGRONOMIC DATA                                                                      BU/A  MAT     HGT     LDG   GR                                     ______________________________________                                        Overall Mean 50.71   32.40   33.70 1.50  2.70                                 Number of Locations                                                                         8       4       5    4     3                                    916119313211 54.70   29.60   31.30 1.10  2.50                                 Asgrow A5843 55.86   36.50   33.20 1.30  1.50                                 Asgrow A5979 55.28   36.70   34.20 1.60  2.20                                 Asgrow A5885 53.33   34.50   34.60 1.30  2.30                                 Asgrow A5560 52.83   30.40   31.10 1.20  2.30                                 Asgrow A5545 45.48   27.90   28.60 1.20  2.70                                 ______________________________________                                    

DEPOSIT INFORMATION

A deposit of the Asgrow Seed Company soybean cultivar seed 916119313211discloses above and recited in the appended claims has been made withthe American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), 10801 University Boulevard,Manassas, Virginia 20110. The date of deposit was Jan. 7, 2000. Thedeposit of 2,500 seeds were taken from the same deposit maintained byAsgrow Seed Company since prior to the filing date of this application.All restrictions upon the deposit have been removed, and the deposit isintended to meet all of the requirements of 37 C.F.R. §1.801-1.809 . TheATCC accession number is PTA-1165. The deposit will be maintained in thedepository for a period of 30 years, or 5 years after the last request,or for the effective life of the patent, whichever is longer, and willbe replaced as necessary during that period.

Although the foregoing invention has been described in some detail byway of illustration and example for purposes of clarity andunderstanding, it will be obvious that certain changes and modificationsmay be practiced within the scope of the invention, as limited only bythe scope of the appended claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A soybean seed designated 916119313211 and havingATCC Accession No PTA-1165.
 2. A plant or its parts produced by growingthe seed of claim
 1. 3. Pollen of the plant of claim
 2. 4. An ovule ofthe plant of claim
 2. 5. A soybean plant having all of the physiologicaland morphological characteristics of the soybean plant of claim
 2. 6.Tissue culture of the seed of claim
 1. 7. A soybean plant regeneratedfrom the tissue culture of claim 6 wherein the regenerated soybean planthas all of the physiological and morphological characteristics of aplant grown from a soybean seed designated
 916119313211. 8. Tissueculture of the plant of claim
 2. 9. A soybean plant regenerated from thetissue culture of claim 8 wherein the regenerated soybean plant has allof the physiological and morphological characteristics of a plant grownfrom a soybean seed designated
 916119313211. 10. A method for producinga hybrid soybean seed comprising crossing a first parent soybean plantwith a second parent soybean plant and harvesting the resultant hybridsoybean seed, wherein said first or second parent soybean plant is thesoybean plant of claim
 2. 11. A hybrid seed produced by the method ofclaim
 10. 12. A hybrid plant or its parts produced by growing saidhybrid soybean seed of claim
 11. 13. Seed produced from said hybridplant of claim 12.